Decimal Numbers

Meaning of the Decimal Number

The decimal number represents, through the decimal point (or comma in certain countries), a simple fraction or a number that is not whole.
The decimal point divides the number in the following way:

A - Decimal number

You can read more in the assigned extended article


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Test yourself on decimal fractions - advanced!

Which figure represents 0.1?

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Reduction and Amplification of Decimal Numbers

Amplification of Decimal Numbers
We will add the digit 00 to the end of the decimal number (to the right), and thus, the value of the decimal number will not change.
Reduction of Decimal Numbers
If the digit in the far-right position is 00, we will remove it and the value of the decimal number will not change.

You can read more in the assigned extended article


Addition and Subtraction of Decimal Numbers

We will solve these operations vertically keeping in mind the following rules:
• We will take into account the rules of addition and subtraction of integers.
• Decimal points must always be positioned one below the other.
• We will write the numbers in an orderly manner - both to the right of the decimal point and to its left. (tenths below tenths, hundredths below hundredths, and so on)

You can read more in the assigned extended article


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Comparison of Decimal Numbers

First step:
We will control the whole parts - the decimal number with the largest whole number will be the largest of them.
Second step:
In case the whole numbers are identical we will check the digits that appear after the point.
We will go digit by digit (starting with the tenths, then hundredths, and so on)
If they continue to be equal, we proceed with the comparison of the following ones.
If they are different, we can determine which number is the largest.

You can read more in the assigned extended article


Conversion of Decimal Number to Fraction

Let's see how to read the fraction
If we use the word tenths, we will place 1010 in the denominator
If we use the word hundredths, we will place 100100 in the denominator
If we use the word thousandths, we will place 10001000 in the denominator.

We will place the number itself in the numerator.
*If the integer figure differs from 00, we will note it next to the simple fraction.

Chart illustrating the conversion of decimal numbers to fractions, categorized by one-digit, two-digit, and three-digit decimals, including examples like 0.7 = 7/10 and 0.562 = 562/100.

You can read more in the assigned extended article


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Conversion from Decimal Number to Mixed Number

First, we will convert the decimal number to a fraction according to the rules.
Then, we will convert the simple fraction to a mixed number using the following method:
We will calculate how many whole times the numerator fits into the denominator - this will be the whole number.
What remains, we will write in the numerator, and the denominator will remain unchanged (does not change).

You can read more in the assigned extended article


Multiplication and Division of Decimal Numbers by 10, 100, etc.

In multiplications: we will slide the decimal point to the right as many steps as the number has zeros.
In divisions: we will slide the decimal point to the left as many steps as the number has zeros.

You can read more in the assigned extended article


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Multiplication of Decimal Numbers

We will solve using the vertical multiplication method according to the following steps:
*We will write the numbers neatly one under the other, including the decimal points, one under the other, tenths under tenths, hundredths under hundredths, etc.
*We will solve the exercise, for now, we will not pay attention to the decimal point and will only act according to the rules of vertical multiplication.
*We will review each number in the exercise and count how many digits there are after the decimal point.
We will add up the total number of digits that are after the decimal point (taking into account both numbers) and that will be the number of digits that will be after the decimal point in the final answer.

You can read more in the assigned extended article


Division of Decimal Numbers

We will proceed in the following order:
First step -> We will make the decimal point in the dividend (the number we want to divide) disappear, moving it to the right the necessary number of places until it is completely gone.
Second step -> In the divisor (the second number in the operation, that is, the number by which it is divided) we will move the decimal point to the right the same number of places that we moved in the first number (even if this number of steps is not enough to make it disappear)
Third step -> We will solve the "new" exercise (with the "new" numbers).

You can read more in the assigned extended article


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Repeating Decimal

A repeating decimal is a number with a fractional part that, after the decimal point, the digits repeat infinitely, in a periodic manner.
To learn how to convert a fraction to a repeating decimal, consult the complete article on this topic.

You can read more in the assigned extended article


Decimal Measurements

To equalize decimal measures, we will proceed as follows:
We will identify the largest unit of measure between the two numbers, convert the number with the smaller unit of measure to the larger unit of measure, and compare both numbers that now have the same unit of measure.

You can read more in the assigned extended article


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Density

Between any pair of numbers, there is an infinite number of other numbers.

You can read more in the assigned extended article


Examples and exercises with solutions on decimal fractions

Exercise #1

Which figure represents 0.1?

Step-by-Step Solution

The task is to determine which of the given figures correctly represents the decimal fraction 0.1.

To interpret 0.1, we recognize it as 110\frac{1}{10}. This indicates that in a graphical representation of 10 equal parts, 1 part should be shaded. Each figure is assumed to be divided into such equal parts.

Let's analyze the options:

  • Choice 1: Shows 10 equal divisions with 1 part shaded. This potentially represents 0.1 since it shades exactly 1 of 10 parts.
  • Choice 2: Shows 10 equal divisions with more than 1 part shaded. Thus, it represents more than 0.1.
  • Choice 3: Shows 10 equal divisions with numerous parts shaded. It represents a number greater than 0.1.
  • Choice 4: Shows a full shading, representing 1 (i.e., shading all 10 parts), clearly not 0.1.

Hence, the correct choice that correspond to 0.1 is Choice 1. This figure accurately shades exactly 1 out of 10 equal segments.

Therefore, the solution to the problem indicates that choice 1 correctly represents the decimal fraction 0.1.

Answer

Exercise #2

Which figure represents 0.9?

Step-by-Step Solution

To solve this problem, we'll identify the graphical representation of the decimal number 0.90.9.

  • Step 1: Understand that 0.90.9 represents nine-tenths, so 99 out of 1010 segments should be shaded.
  • Step 2: Review the given figures to find which one has nine-tenths of its total area shaded.
  • Step 3: Check that this representation corresponds directly to the given decimal value 0.90.9.

Now, let's analyze the available choices:
Choice 1 represents the entire area shaded, which corresponds to 1.01.0, not 0.90.9.
Choice 2 has approximately three-tenths shaded, representing 0.30.3, not 0.90.9.
Choice 3 shows five-tenths shaded, which is 0.50.5, not 0.90.9.
Choice 4 displays nine out of ten sections shaded, accurately representing 0.90.9.

Therefore, the correct figure is choice 4, which correctly represents the decimal fraction 0.90.9.

The solution to the problem is choice 4.

Answer

Exercise #3

Which figure represents seven tenths?

Step-by-Step Solution

To solve the problem of identifying which figure represents seven tenths, follow these steps:

  • Step 1: Understand that the problem requires identification of a geometric representation for the fraction 710\frac{7}{10} or decimal 0.7.
  • Step 2: Each figure is divided into ten equal segments, representing one tenth each.
  • Step 3: Carefully count the number of segments filled or shaded in each figure.

Now, let's apply these steps:

Step 1: We note that each figure is evenly divided into ten parts.

Step 2: By inspecting each option, you can see which has exactly seven segments shaded. This corresponds directly to seven out of ten segments, or seven tenths.

Step 3: Upon review, the figure corresponding to choice 3 shows exactly seven shaded segments out of ten.

Therefore, the solution to the problem is eminently found as choice 3, representing seven tenths.

Answer

Exercise #4

Determine the numerical value of the shaded area:

Step-by-Step Solution

To solve this problem, let's follow the outlined plan:

  • Step 1: Count the number of shaded sections.
  • Step 2: Count the total number of sections in the rectangle.
  • Step 3: Express the number of shaded sections as a fraction of the total sections.
  • Step 4: Convert this fraction to a decimal to find the numerical value.

Now, let's apply these steps:
Step 1: The given diagram shows that there are 4 vertical stripes shaded.
Step 2: The total number of vertical stripes (including both shaded and unshaded) is 10.
Step 3: The fraction of shaded area is 410\frac{4}{10}.
Step 4: Convert 410\frac{4}{10} to a decimal. This equals 0.40.4.

Therefore, the numerical value of the shaded area is 0.4.

Answer

0.4

Exercise #5

Determine the numerical value of the shaded area:

Step-by-Step Solution

To solve this problem, let's analyze the shaded area in terms of grid squares:

  • Step 1: The top rectangle in the grid is completely filled. Let's count the shaded squares horizontally: There are 10 squares across aligned vertically in 1 row, giving 11 as the shaded area.
  • Step 2: The bottom rectangle is partially filled. Observe it spans 66 squares horizontally by 11 square height in the grid row. The shaded area will, therefore, be 0.60.6 as it spans only 60%60\% of the horizontal extent.
  • Step 3: Add both shaded areas of the rectangles from step 1 and step 2: 11 (top) and 0.60.6 (bottom).

Thus, the total shaded area is 1+0.6=1.61 + 0.6 = 1.6.

Therefore, the solution to the problem is 1.61.6.

Answer

1.6

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