Vertical Subtraction Practice Problems & Worksheets

Master vertical subtraction with borrowing through step-by-step practice problems. Learn the three essential rules and solve multi-digit subtraction exercises.

πŸ“šPractice Vertical Subtraction Problems
  • Apply the correct alignment rule: ones under ones, tens under tens
  • Master borrowing from the next digit when upper digit is smaller
  • Handle complex borrowing with zeros using the special transformation rule
  • Solve multi-digit subtraction problems step-by-step with confidence
  • Practice borrowing across multiple place values in challenging exercises
  • Build fluency with vertical subtraction through varied problem types

Understanding Vertical Subtraction

Complete explanation with examples

Vertical Subtraction

In order to solve vertical subtraction, we follow these rules:
First rule - write the problem in the correct order!
Ones digits under ones digits, tens digits under tens digits, and so on.
Second rule - when the upper digit is smaller than the lower digit - we borrow 11 from the next digit.
Third rule - when you need to borrow from a 00, you cannot borrow directly from it. Instead, keep moving left through any consecutive zeros until you find a non-zero digit. Borrow 11 from that digit, turning all the zeros you passed through into 99s, and the original 00 (where you needed to borrow) becomes 1010.

Detailed explanation

Practice Vertical Subtraction

Test your knowledge with 33 quizzes

\( \begin{aligned} &37 \\ -& \\ &25 \\ &\underline{\phantom{776}} & \\ \end{aligned} \)

Examples with solutions for Vertical Subtraction

Step-by-step solutions included
Exercise #1

15βˆ’Β Β 4776β€Ύ \begin{aligned} &15 \\ -& \\ &~~4 \\ &\underline{\phantom{776}} & \\ \end{aligned}

Step-by-Step Solution

To solve this problem, we'll perform simple vertical subtraction for the numbers given, 15 and 4:

Step-by-step solution:

  • Step 1: Write the numbers in a column, aligning the digits according to place value.
  • Step 2: Start subtracting from the rightmost column (the ones column).
    In the ones column, subtract 4 from 5:5βˆ’4=1 5 - 4 = 1 .
  • Step 3: Move to the tens column. There is no subtraction to perform here since it's only 1βˆ’01 - 0, which leaves the digit as is.

Thus, there is no borrowing needed because the digits in the minuend are sufficient to carry out the subtraction.

The result of the subtraction 15βˆ’415 - 4 is 1111.

Therefore, the solution to the problem is 11 11 .

The correct multiple-choice answer is option 1: 11 11 .

Answer:

11

Video Solution
Exercise #2

27βˆ’Β Β 3776β€Ύ \begin{aligned} &27 \\ -& \\ &~~3 \\ &\underline{\phantom{776}} & \\ \end{aligned}

Step-by-Step Solution

To solve this problem, we'll perform vertical subtraction:

  • Step 1: Write down the numbers vertically with the larger number (the minuend) on top:

27βˆ’Β Β 3776β€Ύ\begin{aligned} &27 \\ -& \\ &~~3 \\ &\underline{\phantom{776}} &\\ \end{aligned}

  • Step 2: Subtract the digits in the ones place: 77 (from 2727) minus 33 (from 33) equals 44.
  • Step 3: Subtract the digits in the tens place: 22 (from 2727) minus 00 (no tens in 33) equals 22.

Therefore, the difference is 2424.

The solution to the problem is 2424, which corresponds to choice 2.

Answer:

24

Video Solution
Exercise #3

39βˆ’Β Β 6776β€Ύ \begin{aligned} &39 \\ -& \\ &~~6 \\ &\underline{\phantom{776}} & \\ \end{aligned}

Step-by-Step Solution

To solve this problem, we'll follow these steps:

  • Step 1: Write the numbers vertically, with each digit aligned in their respective place value.

  • Step 2: Begin subtracting starting from the rightmost column.

  • Step 3: Move to the left, repeating the process for each subsequent column until finished.

Now, let's work through each step:
Step 1: Arrange the numbers vertically, aligning according to the decimal place.
39
- 6
-----
Step 2: Start subtracting from the right. Subtract the ones place: 9βˆ’6=39 - 6 = 3.
39
- 6
-----
3
Step 3: Since there is no need to borrow, move to the tens place:
The tens place comprises '3' from '39', as there is no corresponding digit above '6' to subtract from: 3βˆ’0=33 - 0 = 3.
39
- 6
-----
33

Therefore, the solution to the problem is 33 33 .

Answer:

33

Video Solution
Exercise #4

48βˆ’Β Β 7776β€Ύ \begin{aligned} &48 \\ -& \\ &~~7 \\ &\underline{\phantom{776}} & \\ \end{aligned}

Step-by-Step Solution

To solve this problem, we'll follow these steps:

  • Step 1: Align the numbers vertically by place value.

  • Step 2: Subtract the units place.

  • Step 3: Subtract the tens place if necessary.

Now, let's work through each step:
Step 1: Write the numbers 48 and 7 in columns where the digits (ones place) are aligned: 48βˆ’Β 7\begin{array}{c} 48 \\ -~7 \\ \end{array} Step 2: Subtract the units (8 - 7 = 1) and write the result in the units position.
Step 3: The tens place after subtraction is unchanged because there is no borrowing needed, so the 4 from 48 stays as 4.
Thus, we have: 48βˆ’Β 7Β Β 41β€Ύ \begin{array}{c} 48 \\ -~7 ~~\\ \underline{41} \end{array}

Therefore, the solution to the problem is 41.

Answer:

41

Video Solution
Exercise #5

56βˆ’Β Β 5776β€Ύ \begin{aligned} &56 \\ -& \\ &~~5 \\ &\underline{\phantom{776}} & \\ \end{aligned}

Step-by-Step Solution

To solve this problem, let's use a methodical approach as follows:

  • Step 1: Write the numbers in a vertical format, aligning the digits by place value.
  • Step 2: Subtract the ones digit: 66 (from 5656) minus 55 equals 11.
  • Step 3: Bring down the tens digit since we are not subtracting anything from it: 55.

In detail:

  1. Align the numbers vertically, with the larger number on top:
    56βˆ’4005 \begin{array}{r} 56 \\ - \phantom{400}5 \\ \hline \end{array}
  2. Subtract the digits in the ones column. The ones digit in 5656 is 66 and the ones digit in 55 is 55. Subtract 55 from 66 to get 11.
  3. Since there are no numbers to subtract from the tens column of the first number, write down the 55 from 5656.

The result of the vertical subtraction is thus:
56βˆ’400551 \begin{array}{r} 56 \\ - \phantom{400}5 \\ \hline 51 \\ \end{array}

Therefore, the solution to this problem is 51 51 .

Answer:

51

Video Solution

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the first rule of vertical subtraction?

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The first rule is proper alignment: write ones digits under ones digits, tens under tens, hundreds under hundreds, and so on. Always place the first number in the problem at the top of your vertical setup.

When do I need to borrow in vertical subtraction?

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You need to borrow when the upper digit is smaller than the lower digit you're subtracting from. For example, in 45 - 29, you can't subtract 9 from 5, so you borrow 1 from the tens place.

How do I borrow from a zero in vertical subtraction?

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When borrowing from a zero, the zero becomes 9 and you continue borrowing from the next non-zero digit to the left. For example, in 500 - 365, the first 0 becomes 10, the second 0 becomes 9, and the 5 becomes 4.

What happens when there are multiple zeros in vertical subtraction?

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With multiple consecutive zeros, each zero (except the rightmost one you're borrowing for) becomes 9 until you reach a non-zero digit. The pattern continues: third zero becomes 8, fourth becomes 7, and so on.

How do I check my vertical subtraction answer?

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Add your answer to the bottom number (subtrahend). If correct, this sum should equal the top number (minuend). For example, if 87 - 54 = 33, then 33 + 54 should equal 87.

What are common mistakes in vertical subtraction with borrowing?

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Common mistakes include: 1) Forgetting to reduce the digit you borrowed from, 2) Misaligning place values, 3) Not continuing the borrowing process through multiple zeros, and 4) Subtracting the smaller number from the larger regardless of position.

Why is vertical subtraction better than horizontal subtraction?

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Vertical subtraction organizes complex multi-digit problems clearly by place value, making borrowing easier to track. It reduces errors in alignment and provides a systematic approach for solving problems like 5700 - 3786.

How do I solve vertical subtraction problems with 4 or more digits?

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Follow the same three rules regardless of digit count: proper alignment, borrowing when needed, and handling zeros correctly. Work from right to left (ones to thousands), borrowing across place values as necessary.

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